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In a country where scientific resources are scarce, building a cutting-edge quantum optics lab might seem out of reach. But for Syed Bilal Hyder Shah, that challenge became his mission. Through perseverance, creativity, and a commitment to advancing quantum science, Shah transformed a neglected space into Pakistan’s only single-photon laboratory, making strides that serve as a beacon for young scientists across the country.
Shah’s journey into quantum science began at LUMS, where he first met Dr. Sabieh Anwar, head of the university’s Physlab. As a sophomore, Shah joined a pedagogical project that paired faculty and students, working on a book of transcribed lectures on Modern Physics. “The project gave us a good understanding of what it was like to work together,” Shah reflects. Their collaboration laid the foundation for what would later become Pakistan’s leading research in single-photon experimentation.
In his third year, Shah approached Dr. Sabieh to join the lab full-time. What he found was a space lacking equipment, proper lighting, and support. “The lab had been inactive for over a year,” Shah recalls. “Most of the equipment was faulty or misplaced, and I was the only researcher.” Despite these obstacles, he threw himself into the work. “It never felt like a burden; I loved what I was doing,” he says.
Setting up a lab on a tight budget required ingenuity. Shah describes a common struggle in Pakistan: “If any equipment is damaged, it can halt the entire lab. Replacing even small items can take two to three months.” This is where Shah’s resourcefulness came into play.
He and his team designed an FPGA-based coincidence counting unit to replace the costly commercial photon-counting systems needed for single-photon experiments. They also used in-house milling to create mounting and alignment tools, bypassing the need for imported equipment. “It’s the financial constraints that push us to be creative,” he says, “and it’s our passion that keeps us going.”
Building a Legacy: Training the Next Generation
Over the years, Shah has poured his energy not only into upgrading the lab but also into building a community of skilled researchers. “When I joined, I was alone in the lab. By the time I left, I’d trained over 20 students to manage it independently.” His work has ensured that quantum research can continue to grow, even as he steps into new projects. For these students, Shah’s mentorship is an invaluable part of their own journey into experimental physics.
In 2024, Shah co-authored the second edition of “Quantum Mechanics in the Single Photon Laboratory” with Dr. Sabieh. This book was born out of necessity; for many researchers in Pakistan and other resource-limited countries, practical guidance for conducting quantum experiments is hard to come by. “The first edition was instrumental in my early research, but we saw areas for improvement,” he explains. They standardized terminology, enhanced alignment instructions, and even added a new chapter on programming with FPGAs to make the book an accessible, all-in-one guide.
This guide, modeled after Mark Beck’s “Quantum Mechanics: Theory and Experiment”, is designed for researchers, students, and educators who want to bring quantum experiments into their own labs, regardless of resource constraints. “It’s a toolkit that gives others a starting point, showing that quantum experimentation doesn’t always require high-end equipment,” Shah says. His hope is that the book will empower a new generation of scientists to advance quantum research, especially in countries where resources are limited.
Why This Work Matters: The Future of Quantum in Pakistan
Quantum optics, the field that unites the study of light and quantum mechanics, is more than just theoretical exploration—it’s an essential building block for technologies like quantum computing, cryptography, and imaging. Shah is acutely aware of its significance: “Quantum mechanics may be one of the most successful theories in physics, but its applications are only beginning to unfold.”
In a time when quantum science is pushing the boundaries of what’s possible, Shah’s contributions to Pakistan’s single-photon lab offer a vital opportunity for his country to engage with these advances. By establishing the lab and creating educational resources, he’s helping ensure that Pakistan is part of the global quantum science conversation.
Syed Bilal Hyder Shah’s work is a testament to what can be achieved with limited resources and an unyielding commitment to scientific advancement. Through his leadership, innovation, and mentorship, Pakistan’s only single-photon lab has become a place where the next generation of scientists can thrive.
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